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8ª Parte do livro – IDENTIFICAÇÃO MACROSCÓPICA DE MADEIRAS COMERCIAIS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

Para quem está acompanhando os capítulos do livro, vamos colocar mais uma parte interessante que é procedimento inicial de preparo para a analise. A fase seguinte que é a metodologia, será dividida em duas parte, que serão postadas nas duas próximas semanas.

A Papiro Madeiras agradece ao Sindimasp que sempre nos proporciona mais conhecimento, para quem está acompanhado desde o inicio, sabe que ficamos conhecendo esse material através do Sindimasp, um parceiro importante para os revendedores de madeiras do Estado de São Paulo.

No final deste material estará o link para o site do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, onde o livro está disponível na integra.

A Papiro Madeiras apoia o Manejo Florestal!

Então vamos ao livro!!!

PROCEDIMENTO PARA O PREPARO DA MADEIRA

Ao examinar um pedaço de madeira (que pode ser obtido de tora, de dormentes ou de outra peça de madeira qualquer), inicia-se pelo polimento com a faca no plano transversal (Figura 8 A). Para um polimento mais refinado, é utilizada uma lâmina única ou  simples  (de  barbear)  ou estilete (Figura 8 B). Deve-se tomar cuidado para não cortar o dedo na hora do polimento (Figura 8 C-D).

Figure 8. Corte com faca e lâmina de barbear.
a.        Cortar para fora. b. Corte refinado puxando a lâmina em direção ao peito.
Figura 8. Corte com faca e lâmina de barbear. Como não cortar:
c. Não puxar a faca em direção ao peito e manter o dedo acima da linha do corte;
d. Manter o dedo abaixo da linha do corte.

O polimento com a faca pode ocasionar algumas marcas ou alguns riscos na madeira, principalmente nos casos em que ela é muito dura ou possui uma grande quantidade de parênquima axial, o que gera maior atrito no deslize da lâmina da faca (Figura 9 A). Nesses casos, as marcas provocadas podem  ser  confundidas  com as estruturas anatômicas, como os raios e o parênquima axial em linhas ou linhas marginais, no corte transversal. Nas madeiras macias, o polimento pode provocar um esmagamento dos elementos do lenho, o que gera um aspecto amassado ao  corte,  dificultando  a  visualização das estruturas anatômicas ou mesmo obstruindo os vasos no plano transversal (Figura 9 B).

Figura 9. Marcas do polimento de corte com faca (Tr).

a. Madeira dura Hymenolobium sp.

b. Madeira macia Cedrela sp.

A seguir, se a madeira estiver seca, deve-se umedecer ligeiramente essa região polida para melhorar a visibilidade. Coloca-se sobre ela a lupa e procura-se um local ou uma posição de boa iluminação (Figura 10). Passa-se a observar, nesse plano, as características anatômicas macroscópicas da madeira, iniciando-se pelo parênquima axial.

Figura 10. Posição correta da lupa sobre a madeira.

Após a coleta de amostra nas peças de madeira (tábuas, sarrafos, pranchões etc.) e o  preparo  do  corpo  de  prova  nos planos transversal e longitudinal- tangencial, por meio do polimento com faca afiada e do refino realizado com navalha própria ou estilete, deve-se fazer três quadrados com a base da lupa conta- fios em diferentes pontos da amostra no plano transversal (topo – onde se observam os vasos, o parênquima axial e os raios), posicionando uma das linhas do quadrado sobre o raio e mantendo o sentido vertical. De cada quadrado obtido será enviada imagem para a identificação: o laboratório de identificação de madeira receberá três imagens do plano transversal do mesmo corpo de prova (Figura 11).

No plano longitudinal tangencial (obtido perpendicularmente aos raios), do mesmo corpo de prova (após polimento) será enviada apenas uma imagem.

Figura 11. Amostra de madeira com os quadrados corretamente posicionados para obtenção de fotos.

Proxima parte será postada em 08 de abril de 2021.

https://www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br/institutoflorestal/2020/09/identificacao-macroscopica-de-madeiras-comerciais-do-estado-de-sao-paulo/

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