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15ª Parte do livro – IDENTIFICAÇÃO MACROSCÓPICA DE MADEIRAS COMERCIAIS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

4. Parte

Descrição macroscópica

  1. DESCRIÇÃO MACROSCÓPICA

As fotos macroscópicas foram tiradas com a câmara Nikon

D7000, lente  macro  AF  Micro  Nikkor  60 mm. Todas as barras de medição das figuras são de 5 mm.

Para as análises qualitativas (descrição anatômica) e quantitativas, foram analisados cinco indivíduos por espécime. As medições descritas foram: média; desvio padrão: nas tabelas as legendas estão em inglês, verificar no texto ao lado, diâmetro de vaso (DV/VD in english), em mm; frequência de vaso (FV/ VF), em 10 mm²; largura de raio (LR/RW), em mm; altura de raio (AR/RH), em mm; frequência de raio (FR/RF), em 5 mm.

Foram realizados testes de cromoazurol S para verificar a presença de alumínio em todas as amostras, sendo encontrado apenas nas espécies da família Vochysiaceae: Erisma uncinatum, Qualea spp. e Vochysia spp.

Os nomes científicos e as famílias foram atualizados de acordo com  os  sites: Reflora – Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil; Inside Wood – A new internet -accessible wood anatomy database; The Plant List – a working list of all plant species.

MELANCIEIRA

INGAÍ, SUCUPIRA-PEPINO

Alexa grandiflora, Ducke, Fabaceae-Papilionoideae

PARÊNQUIMA AXIAL: visível a olho nu; contrastado; aliforme losangular, confluente curto e longo aliforme linear, com a formação de linhas em trechos curtos, e em linha marginal.

VASOS: visíveis a olho nu; grandes (69,5%), muito  grandes  (17,5%)  e  médios  (13%);

poucos (72%), muito poucos (26%) e pouco numerosos (2%); porosidade difusa;  solitários  (75%),  múltiplos  de  2

a 3 (21,3%) e múltiplos de 4 a mais de 6 (3,7%); depósitos esbranquiçados; pouco obstruídos por tilos.

RAIOS: no plano transversal, visíveis a olho nu; contrastados; finos (100%); poucos (93%) e muito poucos (7%); no plano tangencial, visíveis somente sob lente; baixos (100%); algumas células de raio com presença de conteúdo escuro; em alguns casos, possível ocorrência de estratificação irregular; pouco contrastados no plano radial.

CAMADAS DE CRESCIMENTO: indistintas; quando distintas, demarcadas por zonas fibrosas e por parênquima marginal.

CANAIS SECRETORES: ausentes.

VARIAÇÕES CAMBIAIS: ausentes.

COR: bege-amarelada.

ODOR: ausente. SABOR: ausente. GRÃ: regular.

BRILHO: sem brilho.

DESENHO: com desenho. TEXTURA: média (82,4%) e grossa (17,6%).

Melancieira
Melancieira

CEREJEIRA

CUMARU-DE-CHEIRO, IMBURANA, CUMARU-DO-CEARÁ

Amburana cearensis, (Allemão) A.C.Sm., Fabaceae-Papilionoideae

PARÊNQUIMA AXIAL: visível a olho nu; contrastado; confluente em trechos curtos muitas vezes oblíquos, aliforme losangular e pouco vasicêntrico.

VASOS: visíveis a olho nu; médios (66%) e grandes (34%); poucos (85%), muito poucos

(12%) e pouco numerosos (3%); porosidade

difusa; solitários (75%), múltiplos de 2 a  3

(24%) e múltiplos de 4 a mais de 6 (1%); depósitos esbranquiçados, alaranjados, amarronzados e/ou enegrecidos.

RAIOS: no plano transversal, visíveis a olho nu e, ocasionalmente, visíveis somente sob lente; contrastados; finos (65%), médios (27%), muito largos (6%) e moderadamente largos (2%); muito poucos (66%) e poucos (34%); no plano tangencial, visíveis a olho nu e, ocasionalmente, visíveis somente sob lente; baixos (100%); algumas células de raio com presença de conteúdo escuro; baixos (100%); em alguns casos, possível ocorrência de estratificação irregular; pouco contrastados no plano radial.

CAMADAS DE CRESCIMENTO:  distintas, demarcadas por zonas fibrosas.

CANAIS SECRETORES: ausentes.

VARIAÇÕES CAMBIAIS: ausentes.

COR: cerne bege-amarelado e alburno bege-claro-rosado.

ODOR: agradável. SABOR: adocicado. GRÃ: irregular.

BRILHO: sem brilho DESENHO: com desenho. TEXTURA: média (100%).

CEREJEIRA
CEREJEIRA

CAJU-AÇU

CAJUEIRO, CAJU-DO-MATO, CAJUÍ, CAJU-BRAVO

Anacardium giganteum, W.Hancock ex Engl. Anacardiaceae

PARÊNQUIMA AXIAL: em sua maioria, visível a olho nu e, em alguns casos, visível somente sob lente; pouco contrastado; vasicêntrico, aliforme losangular e pouco confluente.

VASOS: visíveis a olho nu; grandes (41%), médios  (30%),  muito  grandes  (26,5%)  e

pequenos   (2,5%);   poucos   (77%),  muito

poucos (21%) e pouco numerosos (2%); porosidade difusa; solitários (75,8%), múltiplos de 2 (21,4%) e múltiplos de 3       a mais de 6 (2,8%); pouco obstruídos por tilos; placas de perfuração escalariforme.

RAIOS: no plano transversal, visíveis a olho nu e, ocasionalmente, visíveis somente sob lente; contrastados; finos (97%) e médios (3%); poucos (99%) e muito poucos (1%); no plano tangencial, visíveis somente sob lente e, ocasionalmente, visíveis a olho  nu; baixos (100%); contrastados no plano radial.

CAMADAS DE CRESCIMENTO: distintas,

demarcadas por zonas fibrosas.

CANAIS SECRETORES: canais radiais, às vezes não observados na macroscopia.

VARIAÇÕES CAMBIAIS: ausentes.

COR: bege levemente rosada.

ODOR: ausente.

SABOR: ausente.

GRÃ: regular e irregular.

BRILHO: com brilho.

DESENHO: sem desenho.

TEXTURA: média (71,2%), grossa (26,4%) e

fina (2,4%).

Caju açu
Caju açu

https://www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br/institutoflorestal/2020/09/identificacao-macroscopica-de-madeiras-comerciais-do-estado-de-sao-paulo/
https://www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br/institutoflorestal/2020/09/identificacao-macroscopica-de-madeiras-comerciais-do-estado-de-sao-paulo/

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